Lysosome

Lysosome   LY-SOS-OME PART OF SPEECH:NOUN DEF:LYSOSME ORGANELLS CONTAIN DIGESTED Lysosomes are basically the cells' garbage disposal system. They degrade the products such as the bacterium that has been taken in by phagocytosis. After the bacterium is encased in a vacuole, vesicles containing lysosomal enzymes (sometimes called primary lysosomes) fuse with it. The pH becomes more acidic and this activates the enzymes. The vacuole has then become a secondary lysosome and degrades the bacterium.
 * Digestion enzymes**   

Lysosomes also reduce worn out organelles such as mitochondria.wraps itself around a   mitochondrion   and forms a vacuole.

Lysosomes carry hydrolases that reduce nucleotides, proteins, lipids, phospholipids, and also remove carbohydrate, sulfate, or phosphate groups from molecules. The hydrolases are active at an acid pH which is good because if they leak out of the lysosome, they are not likely to do damage (at pH 7.2) unless the cell has become acidic. A Hydrogen ion ATPase is found in the membrane of lysosomes to acidify the environment.

The Golgi   complex sorts the lysosomal enzyme in the Trans region. It is received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum  (RER in this cartoon) in the cis region. There it has a phosphate radical attached to the mannose residue. This mannose phosphate forms a sorting signal that moves through the cisternae to the trans region where it binds to a specific receptor. After it binds to the receptor, it begins to bud and a "cage" or "coat" made of clathrin forms around the bud (to strengthen it). It moves away to fuse with a developing lysosome (such as the vacuoles seen in the previous figure). This lysosome contains a hydrogen ion pump on its surface. The pump works to acidify the environment inside the lysosome. This removes the phosphate and dissociates the hydrolase from the receptor. The receptor is then recycled back to the Golgi complex

  

 (CITED) PICTURE 1: [|**www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic-art/163169**] PICTURE3: www.bioch.ox.ac.uk FACTS: ME AND cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/**lysosome**.htm VIDEO:YOUTUBE
 * PICTURE2:** www.uni-mainz.de

 http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/lysosome.htm